General provisions (arts. 1-20)
- Art. 1 — Concept of a company
- Art. 2 — Legal subject
- Art. 3 — Associations organized as companies
- Art. 4 — Form of the agreement
- Art. 5 — Registration and disclosure
- Art. 6 — Registration deadlines
- Art. 7 — Duly incorporated company
- Art. 8 — National Registry of Share Companies
- Art. 9 — Registry file
- Art. 10 — Publication of legal notices
- Art. 11 — Contents of the instrument of incorporation
- Art. 12 — Unregistered amendments
- Art. 13 — Void provisions (leonine clauses)
- Art. 14 — Publications: general rule
- Art. 15 — Judicial procedure
- Art. 16 — Partial invalidity of a member's relationship
- Art. 17 — Atypical form and omission of essential requirements
- Art. 18 — Unlawful corporate purpose
- Art. 19 — Unlawful activity
- Art. 20 — Purpose prohibited for the company form
Sociedades de la Sección IV (arts. 21 a 26)
- Art. 21 — Section IV companies
- Art. 22 — Enforceability of the agreement (Section IV)
- Art. 23 — Representation and registrable assets (Section IV)
- Art. 24 — Members' liability (Section IV)
- Art. 25 — Cure
- Art. 26 — Relations with creditors (Section IV)
Los socios: capacidad y actuación (arts. 27 a 35)
- Art. 27 — Company between spouses
- Art. 28 — Minor or incapacitated heirs
- Art. 29 — Sanction for breach of article 28
- Art. 30 — A company as a member of another company
- Art. 31 — Interests in another company: limit
- Art. 32 — Reciprocal shareholdings
- Art. 33 — Controlled and affiliated companies
- Art. 34 — Nominee member and undisclosed member
- Art. 35 — Liability of nominee and undisclosed members
Los socios y sus obligaciones (arts. 36 a 55)
- Art. 36 — Commencement of a shareholder's or member's rights and obligations
- Art. 37 — Default in making a contribution
- Art. 38 — Assets and obligations that may be contributed
- Art. 39 — Permissible contributions in SRLs and companies limited by shares
- Art. 40 — Rights that may be contributed
- Art. 41 — Contribution of receivables
- Art. 42 — Contribution of securities
- Art. 43 — Encumbered assets
- Art. 44 — Contribution of a business as a going concern
- Art. 45 — Contribution of use or enjoyment
- Art. 46 — Eviction from title: exclusion of the member
- Art. 47 — Eviction from title: replacement of the asset
- Art. 48 — Eviction of a contributed usufruct
- Art. 49 — Loss of an asset contributed for use or enjoyment
- Art. 50 — Ancillary obligations
- Art. 51 — Valuation of contributions in kind
- Art. 52 — Challenge to valuation
- Art. 53 — Valuation in companies limited by shares
- Art. 54 — Intentional misconduct or negligence of a member or controller — Disregard / unenforceability of separate legal personality
- Art. 55 — Individual inspection rights of shareholders or members
Management and representation (arts. 58-60)
- Art. 56 — Judgment against the company and enforcement against members
- Art. 57 — Personal creditors of a member: partnership interests, quotas and shares
- Art. 58 — Representation: governing rules
- Art. 59 — Diligence of administrators: liability
- Art. 60 — Registration of administrators
Financial statements and dividends (arts. 61-73)
- Art. 61 — Digital books and records
- Art. 62 — Financial statements: obligation to present them
- Art. 63 — Balance sheet
- Art. 64 — Income statement
- Art. 65 — Notes and supplementary schedules
- Art. 66 — Management report
- Art. 67 — Filing and availability of financial statements
- Art. 68 — Dividends
- Art. 69 — Approval and challenge of financial statements
- Art. 70 — Legal reserve
- Art. 71 — Prior profits and losses
- Art. 72 — Approval of financial statements and management
- Art. 73 — Minutes
Transformation, merger and spin-off (arts. 74-88)
- Art. 74 — Transformation: concept
- Art. 75 — Transformation: members' prior liability
- Art. 76 — Transformation: new unlimited-liability members
- Art. 77 — Transformation: requirements
- Art. 78 — Transformation: withdrawal right
- Art. 79 — Transformation: members' preferences
- Art. 80 — Revocation of transformation
- Art. 81 — Lapse of the transformation resolution
- Art. 82 — Merger: concept and effects
- Art. 83 — Merger: requirements and procedure
- Art. 84 — Merger: documentation and registration
- Art. 85 — Merger: withdrawal and preferences
- Art. 86 — Merger: revocation
- Art. 87 — Merger: rescission for just cause
- Art. 88 — Spin-off: concept and types
Partial termination and exclusion (arts. 89-93)
- Art. 89 — Contractual grounds for partial termination and dissolution
- Art. 90 — Death of a member
- Art. 91 — Exclusion of members
- Art. 92 — Exclusion: effects
- Art. 93 — Exclusion in a two-member company
Dissolution and liquidation (arts. 94-112)
- Art. 94 — Dissolution: grounds
- Art. 95 — Extension and continuation
- Art. 96 — Loss of capital: restoration
- Art. 97 — Judicial dissolution: retroactive effect
- Art. 98 — Dissolution: effectiveness against third parties
- Art. 99 — Administrators after a dissolution ground
- Art. 100 — Removal of dissolution grounds
- Art. 101 — Legal personality of the company in liquidation
- Art. 102 — Appointment of the liquidator
- Art. 103 — Opening inventory and balance sheet in liquidation
- Art. 104 — Periodic information during liquidation
- Art. 105 — Powers of the liquidator
- Art. 106 — Members’ contributions during liquidation
- Art. 107 — Partial distribution during liquidation
- Art. 108 — Duties and liability of liquidators
- Art. 109 — Final balance sheet and distribution plan
- Art. 110 — Challenge to the final balance sheet
- Art. 111 — Implementation of the distribution plan
- Art. 112 — Cancellation of registration
- Art. 113 — Judicial intervention: availability
- Art. 114 — Intervention: requirements and evidence
- Art. 115 — Forms of judicial intervention
- Art. 116 — Intervention: countersecurity
- Art. 117 — Intervention: appeal
Companies incorporated abroad (arts. 118-124)
- Art. 118 — Company incorporated abroad
- Art. 119 — Foreign company of an unknown type
- Art. 120 — Separate accounting of the foreign company
- Art. 121 — Liability of the foreign company’s representative
- Art. 122 — Service of process on a foreign company
- Art. 123 — Foreign company forming or joining a local company
- Art. 124 — Company with its seat or principal purpose in the Republic
Specific company types: partnerships (arts. 125-145)
- Art. 125 — General partnership: liability
- Art. 126 — Name of the general partnership
- Art. 127 — Management of the general partnership
- Art. 128 — Separate or joint management
- Art. 129 — Removal of a general-partnership manager
- Art. 130 — Resignation of the manager
- Art. 131 — Amendment of the partnership agreement
- Art. 132 — Meaning of majority
- Art. 133 — Partner’s non-compete duty
- Art. 134 — Simple limited partnership
- Art. 135 — Limited partner’s contribution
- Art. 136 — Management of the simple limited partnership
- Art. 137 — Limited partner may not manage
- Art. 138 — Acts permitted to a limited partner
- Art. 139 — Resolutions in a simple limited partnership
- Art. 140 — Absence of all general partners
- Art. 141 — Capital-and-industry partnership
- Art. 142 — Name of the capital-and-industry partnership
- Art. 143 — Management of the capital-and-industry partnership
- Art. 144 — Service partner’s share of profits
- Art. 145 — Voting and management vacancy in a capital-and-industry partnership
Limited liability company (SRL) (arts. 146-162)
- Art. 146 — SRL: characteristics
- Art. 147 — Name of the SRL
- Art. 148 — Quotas: value
- Art. 149 — Subscription and payment of capital
- Art. 150 — Guarantee of contributions
- Art. 151 — Supplementary quotas
- Art. 152 — Transfer of quotas
- Art. 153 — Restrictions on transfer of quotas
- Art. 154 — Challenge to the price of quotas
- Art. 155 — Admission of heirs
- Art. 156 — Property rights and measures affecting quotas
- Art. 157 — Management of the SRL
- Art. 158 — Supervision of the SRL
- Art. 159 — SRL resolutions
- Art. 160 — Amendment of the SRL agreement
- Art. 161 — Voting rights of quotas
- Art. 162 — Minutes of the SRL
Stock corporation: capital and shares (arts. 163-232)
- Art. 163 — Stock corporation: characteristics
- Art. 164 — Name of the stock corporation
- Art. 165 — Formation of the stock corporation: methods
- Art. 166 — Single-act formation: requirements
- Art. 167 — Registration procedure of the stock corporation
- Art. 168 — Formation by public subscription
- Art. 169 — Appeals against formation decisions
- Art. 170 — Contents of the formation program
- Art. 171 — Subscription period
- Art. 172 — Subscription contract
- Art. 173 — Subscription not fully covered
- Art. 174 — Oversubscription
- Art. 175 — Duties of promoters
- Art. 176 — Constitutive meeting
- Art. 177 — Voting at the constitutive meeting
- Art. 178 — Promoters and bank as subscribers
- Art. 179 — Agenda of the constitutive meeting
- Art. 180 — Publication and registration after public formation
- Art. 181 — Documentation of the formation period
- Art. 182 — Liability of promoters
- Art. 183 — Acts during the formation period
- Art. 184 — Assumption of acts by the registered company
- Art. 185 — Benefits of promoters and founders
- Art. 186 — Capital: subscription and minimum amount
- Art. 187 — Minimum payment of capital
- Art. 188 — Capital increase up to fivefold
- Art. 189 — Capitalization of reserves: proportionality
- Art. 190 — Prior subscription of earlier issues
- Art. 191 — Insufficient subscription of the increase
- Art. 192 — Default in payment: suspension of rights
- Art. 193 — Shareholder default in paying up shares
- Art. 194 — Pre-emption and accretion rights
- Art. 195 — Violation of pre-emption: cancellation
- Art. 196 — Time limit for claim for violation of pre-emption
- Art. 197 — Exceptional limitation or suspension of pre-emption
- Art. 198 — Increase by public offering
- Art. 199 — Issue in violation of the public-offering regime
- Art. 200 — Liability for irregular issues
- Art. 201 — Notice of the capital increase
- Art. 202 — Issue below par and at a premium
- Art. 203 — Voluntary capital reduction
- Art. 204 — Capital reduction: creditors’ rights
- Art. 205 — Reduction for losses
- Art. 206 — Mandatory capital reduction
- Art. 207 — Value and classes of shares
- Art. 208 — Form of share certificates
- Art. 209 — Indivisibility and co-ownership of shares
- Art. 210 — Liability of transferor of unpaid shares
- Art. 211 — Essential particulars of share certificates
- Art. 212 — Signature and numbering of certificates
- Art. 213 — Share register
- Art. 214 — Free transferability and its limits
- Art. 215 — Transfer of shares
- Art. 216 — Ordinary shares: voting rights
- Art. 217 — Preferred shares and voting
- Art. 218 — Usufruct of shares
- Art. 219 — Pledge and attachment of shares
- Art. 220 — Acquisition of treasury shares
- Art. 221 — Treasury shares: disposal and suspension
- Art. 222 — Shares as collateral
- Art. 223 — Amortization of shares
- Art. 224 — Distribution of dividends and advances
- Art. 225 — Dividends received in good faith
- Art. 226 — Law of negotiable instruments
- Art. 227 — Bonuses: characteristics
- Art. 228 — Enjoyment bonuses
- Art. 229 — Participation bonuses
- Art. 230 — Employee participation bonuses
- Art. 231 — Timing of bonus payments
- Art. 232 — Modification of bonus terms
Corporation (S.A.): shareholders' meetings (arts. 233 to 254)
- Art. 233 — Shareholders’ meetings: authority and effects
- Art. 234 — Ordinary shareholders’ meeting: authority
- Art. 235 — Extraordinary shareholders’ meeting: authority
- Art. 236 — Calling a shareholders’ meeting
- Art. 237 — Calling: publications
- Art. 238 — Registration to attend the meeting
- Art. 239 — Representation at the meeting
- Art. 240 — Directors and auditors at meetings
- Art. 241 — Disqualification of managers from voting
- Art. 242 — Chairing the meeting
- Art. 243 — Ordinary meeting: quorum and majorities
- Art. 244 — Extraordinary meeting: quorum and majorities
- Art. 245 — Withdrawal right
- Art. 246 — Matters outside the agenda
- Art. 247 — Adjournment
- Art. 248 — Shareholder with a conflicting interest
- Art. 249 — Contents of meeting minutes
- Art. 250 — Special class meetings
- Art. 251 — Challenge to the shareholders' meeting decision
- Art. 252 — Suspension of the challenged decision
- Art. 253 — Processing and consolidation of the challenge
- Art. 254 — Liability for null decisions
Corporation: board of directors (arts. 255 to 279)
- Art. 255 — Board of directors: composition
- Art. 256 — Directors: conditions and removability
- Art. 257 — Term of the director
- Art. 258 — Alternates and vacancy of directors
- Art. 259 — Resignation of directors
- Art. 260 — Operation of the board of directors
- Art. 261 — Compensation of the board of directors
- Art. 262 — Election of directors by class
- Art. 263 — Cumulative voting
- Art. 264 — Prohibitions and incompatibilities for directors
- Art. 265 — Removal of the disqualified director
- Art. 266 — Personal nature of the director's office
- Art. 267 — Board meetings
- Art. 268 — Representation of the company (chairperson)
- Art. 269 — Executive committee
- Art. 270 — Managers
- Art. 271 — Director's contracting with the company
- Art. 272 — Director's conflicting interest
- Art. 273 — Competing activities (director)
- Art. 274 — Directors' liability
- Art. 275 — Extinction of directors' liability
- Art. 276 — Corporate liability action
- Art. 277 — Corporate action by minority shareholders
- Art. 278 — Liability action in bankruptcy
- Art. 279 — Individual liability action
- Art. 280 — Supervisory council
- Art. 281 — Powers of the supervisory board
- Art. 282 — Meeting called by dissenting board members
- Art. 283 — Supervisory board and dispensing with the statutory auditor
Corporation: statutory audit (arts. 284 to 298)
- Art. 284 — Statutory auditor: appointment and dispensing
- Art. 285 — Requirements to be a statutory auditor
- Art. 286 — Disqualifications from being a statutory auditor
- Art. 287 — Term and removability of the statutory auditor
- Art. 288 — Election of statutory auditors by class
- Art. 289 — Cumulative voting for statutory auditors
- Art. 290 — Collegiate statutory auditing body (Supervisory Committee)
- Art. 291 — Vacancy of the statutory auditor
- Art. 292 — Remuneration of the statutory auditor
- Art. 293 — Personal nature of the statutory auditor's office
- Art. 294 — Powers and duties of the statutory auditor
- Art. 295 — Statutory auditor's information on prior financial years
- Art. 296 — Liability of statutory auditors
- Art. 297 — Joint and several liability of the statutory auditor with the directors
- Art. 298 — Application of directors' rules to statutory auditors
State oversight (arts. 299 to 307)
- Art. 299 — Permanent state oversight
- Art. 300 — Limited state oversight
- Art. 301 — Surveillance by the controlling authority
- Art. 302 — Penalties of the controlling authority
- Art. 303 — Judicial powers of the controlling authority
- Art. 304 — Oversight under special laws
- Art. 305 — Liability for evading oversight
- Art. 306 — Appeal of the controlling authority's resolutions
- Art. 307 — Term and effects of the appeal
Corporation with majority state participation (arts. 308 to 314)
- Art. 308 — Corporation with majority state participation
- Art. 309 — Entry into the state-participation regime
- Art. 310 — Incompatibilities in the corporation with state participation
- Art. 311 — Directors and statutory auditors for the minority
- Art. 312 — Loss of the state participation regime
- Art. 313 — Majority situation: loss (repealed)
- Art. 314 — Liquidation (repealed)
Partnership limited by shares (arts. 315 to 324)
- Art. 315 — Partnership limited by shares
- Art. 316 — Rules applicable to the partnership limited by shares
- Art. 317 — Name of the partnership limited by shares
- Art. 318 — Management of the partnership limited by shares
- Art. 319 — Removal of the manager (partnership limited by shares)
- Art. 320 — Vacancy in the management (partnership limited by shares)
- Art. 321 — Meeting of the partnership limited by shares
- Art. 322 — Prohibitions on the managing partner
- Art. 323 — Assignment of the general partner's interest
- Art. 324 — Supplementary rules of the partnership limited by shares
Debentures (arts. 325 to 360)
- Art. 325 — Debentures: companies that may issue them
- Art. 326 — Classes of debentures
- Art. 327 — Floating security
- Art. 328 — Enforceability of the floating security
- Art. 329 — Disposal of assets with floating security
- Art. 330 — Limits on the company with floating security
- Art. 331 — Priority among issues (floating security)
- Art. 332 — Common security
- Art. 333 — Special security
- Art. 334 — Debentures convertible into shares
- Art. 335 — Debenture certificates
- Art. 336 — Content of debenture certificates
- Art. 337 — Series of debentures
- Art. 338 — Debenture trust
- Art. 339 — Content of the trust agreement
- Art. 340 — Prospectus of the public issue
- Art. 341 — The trustee as a banking institution
- Art. 342 — Disqualifications of the trustee
- Art. 343 — Trust to consolidate debts
- Art. 344 — The trustee as representative
- Art. 345 — Powers of the trustee vis-à-vis the debtor
- Art. 346 — Suspension of the board by the trustee
- Art. 347 — Continuation of the business by the trustee
- Art. 348 — Liquidation with floating security
- Art. 349 — Liquidation with common security
- Art. 350 — Defense of the suspended board
- Art. 351 — The trustee as liquidator in bankruptcy
- Art. 352 — Acceleration of the term upon dissolution
- Art. 353 — Removal of the trustee
- Art. 354 — Debenture holders' meeting
- Art. 355 — Binding force and challenge of resolutions
- Art. 356 — Capital reduction of the issuer
- Art. 357 — Prohibition on taking its own debentures as security
- Art. 358 — Liability of directors (debentures)
- Art. 359 — Liability of the trustee
- Art. 360 — Debentures of foreign companies
Application and transitional provisions (arts. 361 to 389)
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